1565: Spanish colonists led by explorer Pedro Menéndez de Avilés establish the first permanent European settlement in North America at Saint Augustine, Florida.
1900: An unexpected hurricane devastates Galveston, Texas, killing 6,000 people.
1954: The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is founded by the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, and France.
1971: The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts opens in Washington, D.C., with the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass.
1974: U.S. president Gerald Ford, who took office after Richard Nixon's resignation the month before, pardons Nixon for any "crimes he committed or may have committed."
1998: St. Louis Cardinals slugger Mark McGwire hits his 62nd home run of the season, breaking Roger Maris's single-season record. Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs will hit his 62nd five days later.
Born on This Day
Alfred Jarry, playwright (1873)
Richard I, the Lion-Hearted, English king (1157)
Ludovico Ariosto, poet (1474)
Antonín Dvorák, composer (1841)
Patsy Cline, country singer (1932)
Jimmie Rodgers, country singer and songwriter (1897)
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